President of the Philippines Commonwealth from the foundation in 1935 and constant ally of the United States, fled the capital, Manila, with American forces, on the recommendation of his military adviser, Gen MacArthur, following the Japanese invasion in December 1941; his second term as president was actually inaugurated in an air-raid shelter on Corregidor, where the besieged American forces had withdrawn from Luzon, and Quezon subsequently went to Australia and then to the United States to plead his country's cause; in May 1942, established a government-in-exile in Washington but died of tuberculosis 3 months before the American invasion of the Philippines, launched by Gen MacArthur at Leyte in October 1944; was succeeded by Sergio Osmena.<.p>

unattractive and unsuccessful Norwegian politician; founded the Norwegian Fascist Party (Nasjonal Samling) whose failing political fortunes were briefly revived by his association with various Nazi leaders; formed a pro-German government after the German invasion of Norway in April 1940; vilified as a traitor (for which his name has become an often-used synonym) and highly ineffective as a leader, was removed from office, and then reinstated by Berlin as Minister President of the State Council in 1942, although power was actually wielded in Norway by German Reichskommissar, Josef Terboven; was tried and executed in 1945, after voluntarily surrendering to the newly restored Norwegian government.